Field Emission Basics: The Water Bucket Analogy

The water-tower analogy of the cardiovascular system.

The cardiovascular system is a complex arrangement of hydraulic, yet living, components. The complexity of this system may make it difficult for students to see the "forest" instead of the "trees." To better explain the dynamics of cardiovascular function and control, an analogy has been drawn to the operation of a city water supply. In cities that use a water tower, fresh water is pumped up in...

Hot or cold? The basics of tempered water.

Aerodynamic Noise Computation of the Flow Field around NACA 0012 Airfoil Using Large Eddy Simulation and Acoustic Analogy

The current study presents the results of the aerodynamic noise prediction of the flow field around a NACA 0012 airfoil at a chord-based Reynolds number of 100,000 and at 8.4 degree angle of attack. An incompressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model is applied to obtain the instantaneous turbulent flow field. The noise prediction is performed by the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-...

The Token Bucket Allocation and Reallocation Problems ( MPRASE Token Bucket )

This paper deals with the dimensioning of token buckets. Two related problems are formulated and solved. The first is the token bucket allocation problem (TBAP) which is finding the cost-minimal token bucket for the transmission of a given VBR traffic stream, e.g. an MPEG movie, from the user's point of view. This problem has been treated in literature before but as we will show not completely....

Mini-bucket Elimination with Bucket Propagation

Many important combinatorial optimization problems can be expressed as constraint satisfaction problems with soft constraints. When problems are too difficult to be solved exactly, approximation methods become the best option. Mini-bucket Elimination (MBE) is a well known approximation method for combinatorial optimization problems. It has a control parameter z that allow us to trade time and s...